$flora fractalis$

Examples of new genera and species occurring in the region of the western Atlantic are given, and examples of taxa being newly reported for this domain are provided. Taylor's account included only two species of Botryocladia, but this number had grown to 15 in Wynne's checklist. Taylor's (1960) treatment recognized only two species in Hypoglossum, whereas Wynne's (2011) checklist contained a total of 9 species of Hypoglossum. Many genera have increased in terms of the number of species now assigned to them. Examples are given of other genera present in this region of the western Atlantic that have been split up.

$flora fractalis$

Chondrophycus, Osmundea, Palisada, and Yuzurura have been segregated from Laurencia. Trichogloeopsis, Ganonema, Izziella, Yamadaella, and Titanophycus have been segregated from Liagora. Tricleocarpa and Dichotomaria have been segregated from Galaxaura. Examples of genera being divided are Galaxaura, Liagora and Laurencia. Numerous examples of cryptic species have been discovered by gene-sequence and DNA-bar coding studies. Revised phylogenetic relationships have led to many genera being divided into more than one genus, as well as new families and orders being delineated. Foremost among these causes have been the advances in gene-sequencing technologies. This review addresses the question: What factors were responsible for this proliferation of taxa that are now recognized in this domain of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic? The answer is that many reasons contributed to these changes.

$flora fractalis$

In regard to recognized infraspecific taxa, the increase was less dramatic, from 140 to 185, thus a 32% change in the 50-year period. There has been a great increase in the number of recognized taxa of red, brown and green algae at all taxonomic ranks: from 758 to 1,393 species, an increase of 84% from 231 to 406 genera, an increase of 75% and from 63 to 106 families, an increase of 68%. Taylor's (1960) floristic treatment of the benthic marine algae of the tropical and subtropical western Atlantic and Wynne's (2011) 'checklist: third revision' serve as benchmarks in a review of changes made in the past half-century period.

$flora fractalis$

Flora fractalis